Event planning: The Southeast Asian Games

Event planning The Southeast Asiatic GamesIntroduction to outletThe 2015 Southeast Asian Games, officially k like a shotn as the twenty-eighth Southeast Asian Games or 28th Sea Games is a multi-sport occurrence armyed by the city-state of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore. Sea games is held once in two years since 1959 and the first time is held in Thailand, Bangkok. The games be under regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International surpassing Committee (IOC) and the Olympic Council of Asia. The games atomic number 18 participated by 11 countries which are Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Brunei and Laos (28th SEA Games, 2015).Singapore is the fourth time has hosted Southeast Asian Games since 1993, after a 22-year keen-sighted hiatus. The 28th Southeast Asian Games was held from 5th June 2015 until 16th June 2015 at the Singapore Sports Hub as main sport ing location. The SEA Games was conceived as an expedient to avail contrive vigorous regional cooperation, understanding and unity within the South East Asian community. It was established to be a bi-annual multi-sports event to take place in the midst of the years when the Olympic Games and the Asian Games were held. In addition to that, about 7000 athletes from 11 participating nations with 36 sports and 402 events leave alone feature in the 28th Southeast Asian Games Singapore 2015.In 2011 during the 26th Southeast Asian Games, held in Indonesian cities Palembang and Jakarta, as the host of the 28th Southeast Asian Games of 2015, Singapore has been nominated to host the event in 2007 and 2013 before, but turned down both opportunities referring to costs connected with the construction of the new Singapore Sports Hub.The 28th SEA Games will express the quite a little of the Southeast Asia that success ultimately comes to ordinary people with extraordinary dreams. Its not abou t having a champion, but inspiring the champion that is in spite of appearance all(prenominal) of us.Stakeholder of the eventPeople and organisations with a legitimate interest in the outcomes of an event are known as stakeholders. The successful event manager moldiness be able to identify the range of stakeholders in an event and manage their individual needs, which will sometimes overlap and conflict (Johnny et al, 2007). As with event upholds, the event will be judged by its success in balancing the competing needs, expectations and interests of a diverse range of stakeholders. When asked the question what makes an event successful, there are now numerous shareholders that are key components of modern major events that are looking at a whole range of diverse measures of success. Thus, the stakeholders that I have elect for discussion of the event carry ons are the governance and the sponsorship.The first stakeholders that I have elect is the organizer of the 28th Southeast Asian Games, which is the Singapore Sports Council (SSC) as it relates to stakeholders of organization of Singapore. The Singapore Sports Council (SSC) is the national sports agency responsible for engendering access, opportunities and capabilities for individuals to live better through sports. Through Vision 2030, Singapore Sports Council seeks to employ sports as a national schema to stimulate positive, deeply embedded values for Singaporeans and Singapore. Singapore Sports Council was founded in 1973, through the merger of the National Sports Promotion Board (NSPB) and the National Stadium Corporation (NSC). It engenders opportunities for people to excel in sports opportunities for people to be engaged in sports as, coaches, officials, volunteers or fans and opportunities for people to do business line in sports as sponsors and investors.Singapore is a sovereign republic, with a legal system establish on the English common law. The Constitution lays down the fundamental prin ciples and basic framework for the three organs of state, namely, the Executive, the legislative and the Judiciary. The Executive comprises the Cabinet, which is responsible for the general direction of the Government and accountable to Parliament. The Legislature comprises the Parliament and is the legislative authority responsible for enacting legislation. More information on the score of Parliament, Parliament House and activities of the House can be obtained from its website. The Judiciarys function is to independently administer justice. The Judiciary is safeguarded by the Constitution.The Prime Minister of Singapore is appointed by the President of Singapore under Article 25 of the Constitution. The President, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister, also appoints other Ministers from among the Members of Parliament. The Prime Minister is the effective head of the administrator branch of government. He chairs the Cabinet, which is the central decision-making body of the e xecutive government. It is an organ of state and central to Singapores system of government. Click for more information on the Cabinet appointments. In order to attract sponsorships, event managers must offer tangible benefits to sponsors, and effective programs to deliver them. Large corporations much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Coca-Cola, 100 Plus and Telstra receive hundreds of sponsorship applications each week, and only consider those events that have a close fit with corporate objectives and a demonstrable ability to deliver benefits. For the event, sponsorship is therefore much more than a means of boosting revenues, but must also meet the needs and objectives of its sponsors (William et al, 2007).Therefore, the second stakeholders that I have chosen is the main sponsor of 28th Southeast Asian Games, which is the NTUC FairPrice and NTUC FairPrice institution. NTUC Fairprice Co-operative Ltd was founded by the labour movement in 1973, with a social mission to moderate the cos t of living in Singapore. From one supermarket, it has grown to become Singapores largest retailer serving about 430,000 shoppers daily, with a network of over 120 outlets, comprising FairPrice supermarkets, FairPrice Finest and FairPriceXtra. Its convenience stores, FairPrice Xpress and Cheers, has a network spanning over 160 convenience stores island extensive and serves over 100,000 customers daily. NTUC FairPrice also owns a Fresh Food Distribution Centre and a centralised warehousing and distribution company.Today, with its multiple retail formats serving the wide-ranging needs and interests of people from all walks of life, NTUC FairPrice has kept pace with the changing needs of its customers while remaining committed to its social mission and its aspiration to be Singapores leading world-class retailer with a heart.Guided by the philosophy to do well in order to do good for the community, NTUC FairPrice castigate up the FairPrice Foundation in 2008 to focus its giving effor ts to supply a better life for the community. FairPrice Foundation focuses its giving on three strategic thrusts the forgetful and needy, nation building and community bonding, and advancing workers welfare. FairPrice has since donated $76 million to the Foundation to further these three areas of focus.Political benefits of the event towards chosen stakeholderBased on the enlarge above, political benefits towards NTUC FairPrice and NTUC FairPrice Foundation is increase international prestige. In Singapore, NTUC FairPrices sponsorship of 28th Sea Games gave it the benefits of getting its brand name quickly recognised in the Singapore market. It is important for event managers to identify exactly what NTUC FairPrice want from 28th Sea Games and what the 28th Sea Games can deliver for them. They may be seeking mechanisms to stupefy sales, or want to strengthen client relationships through 28th Sea Games to increase their international prestige and to attract more new customer.Besi des, political benefits towards NTUC FairPrice and NTUC FairPrice Foundation and the government of Singapore is promoting social cohesion. The sponsorship will include SGD $2 million cash from FairPrice Foundation and SGD $3 million value in kind from NTUC FairPrice to the 28th Sea Games in support of the regions most prestigious multisport event. This is the largest donation FairPrice and FairPrice Foundation have made to a sporting event to date. This is an exalted partnership for the organizer of 28th SEA Games which are Singapore Sports Council (SSC) as NTUC FairPrice has a strong relationship with the community. As part of FairPrice Foundations conduct to create a better life for the community, the Foundation supports major activities and social community projects that cater to Singaporeans at large, to foster closer relationships among the community.Economic benefits of the event towards chosen stakeholderA primary concern of an event entrepreneur or host organisation is whe ther an event is within budget and, hopefully, results in a surplus or profit. This is a simple matter of whether the income from sponsorship, merchandise and ticket sales exceeds the costs of conducting and marketing the event. However, from the perspectives of the host communities and governments, a wider range of economic impacts is often of equal or greater significance. Therefore, economic benefits towards government are business opportunities and employment creation.Events can provide their host communities with a strong platform for showcasing their expertise, hosting potential investors and promoting new business opportunities. During the 28th SEA Games, the government of Singapore spentEnvironmental benefits of the event towards chosen stakeholderA major event may require an environmental impact assessment before council permission is granted for it to proceed. Even if a formal study is not required, the event manager should carefully consider the likely impact of the event on the environment. This impact will be fairly contained if the event is to be held in a suitable purpose-built venue, for example, a stadium, sportsground, showground or amusement centre, but may be much greater if the event is to be held in a public space not ordinarily reserved for events such as a park, town square or street. Crowd movement and control, noise levels, access and parking will often be important considerations. Therefore, environmental benefits towards government is increased environmental awareness and urban transformation and renewal.Firstly, environmental benefits towards government is increased environmental awareness. Governments of Singapore in 28th Sea Games, are increasingly using public education and legislation to promote the recycling of waste materials and reduce the amount of waste going to landfill. 28th Sea Games are targeted as opportunities to demonstrate best practice models in waste management and to change public attitudes and habits. Incorpor ating a waste management plan into the overall event plan has become increasingly good policy. Audience of the 28th Sea Games expectations and the health of the environment require that events demonstrate good waste management principles and provide models for recycling. The waste-wise event manager (government) will reap not only economic benefits, but also the approval of an increasing environmentally aware public.Secondly, environmental benefits towards government is urban transformation and renewal. In the staging of large events in Singapore such as this 28th Sea Games, the provision of infrastructure is often a costly budget component, but this expenditure usually results in an improved environment and facilities for Singapore, and provides a strong incentive for Singapore to act as host. The government of Singapore has been constructed the original stadium to a new sport complex, which is the Singapore Sports Hub and it will be Singapores premier land and sea sports, entertai nment and lifestyle destination. The Singapore Sports Hub is a state-of-the-art, fully integrated sports, entertainment and lifestyle hub that will allow everyone in Singapore to watch, play and support sports and entertainment. Featuring a unique cluster victimisation of integrated world-class sports facilities within the city, it will not only spur the development of the sports industry, excellence and participation, but also take sports to the next level in Singapore.Other Related InformationReference List 28th SEA Games. Available from https//www.seagames2015.com NTUC FairPrice. Available from www.fairprice.com.sg Government Singapore. Available from www.fairprice.com.sg Johnny Allen, William OToole, Robert Harris, Ian McDonnell, 2007. Festival superfluous Event Management, Irwin, Sydney. Jonathan Wong, 2015. Singapore SEA Games Budget. Available from http//www.gov.sg/government/web/content/61466480471bdd139c90dc5660466bae/20150129_ST_SporesSEAGamesbudget3245m.pdf?MOD=AJPER ESuseDefaultText=0useDefaultDesc=0 gene Deletion Strategy Identify Function of Non-Coding RNAGene Deletion Strategy Identify Function of Non-Coding RNAMolecular Biology mainly Non coding RNA ProjectContents (Jump to)Non coding RNA itty-bitty Nuclear RNA genesMaterials and MethodsMediaYPD and YPD+G418 weighing machinesStrain confirmationReferencesA Gene Deletion Strategy to Identify the Function of Non-Coding RNA in the Eukaryotic Genome, Using the prototype Organism Saccharomyces cerevisiaeAbstractThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key model organism for investigating cellular processes. While it is important to determine the constituent protein-coding genes play in biological, it is now clear that RNA also plays an important role in these cellular processes. Deletion cassettes were constructed successfully by a PCR based strategy for 12 ncRNAs, which are snR19, snR20, snR14, snR6, snR7, TLC1, SCR1, NME1, RPR1, RUF20, RUF21, and RUF22. Deletions cassettes were transformed in to the diploid reference phase BY4743 and the ncRNA gene replaced with the KanMX marker byhomologous recombination. Heterozygous deletion strains were confirmed for each of the 12 genes by extensive PCR analysis and showed positive results for the insertion of the cassette. pastime sporulation and tetrad dissection to segregate haploid spores and growth on different selective media, 10 of the 12 ncRNAs were shown to be essential for cell survival by producing 2 viable spores. These include snR19, snR20, snR14, snR6, snR7, TLC1, SCR1, NME1, RPR1 and RUF20.However, RUF21 and RUF 22 produced four viable haploid spores indicating that these are non-essential genes for the cell.This resource will now enable the role of ncRNAs in cellular processes to be determined, by growth of these deletion strains in a range of different conditions and in different genetic backgrounds.Non coding RNAThe term non-coding RNA (ncrna) is usually utilized for RNA that does not encode a protein, however t his does not imply that such Rnas dont contain data nor have capacity. In spite of the fact that it has been by and large accepted that most hereditary data is transacted by proteins, late deduction proposes that most of the genomes of vertebrates and other complex life forms is indeed translated into ncrnas, a considerable lot of which are alternatively joined and/or transformed into more piffling items. These ncrnas incorporate micrornas and snornas (numerous if not a large portion of which stay to be distinguished), and likely different classes of yet-to-be-found little administrative Rnas, and a huge number of longish transcripts (counting complex examples of intertwining and covering sense and antisense transcripts), the vast majority of whose capacities are obscure. These Rnas (counting those inferred from introns) seem to embody a shrouded layer of internal signs that control different levels of quality articulation in physiology and advancement, including chromatin struc tural engineering/epigenetic memory, translation, RNA grafting, altering, interpretation and turnover. RNA administrative systems may focus a large portion of our complex attributes, endure a critical part in ailment and constitute an unexplored universe of hereditary variety both inside and between species. (Mattick JS, 2006)In this project, the functionality of the side by side(p) non-coding RNA genes in S.cerevisiae will be determined. The non-coding RNA genes mentioned in this study have meaning(a) importance in the yeast genome and the determination of functionality of these genes will uncover their exact contribution to eukaryotic cellular function. Non coding RNA genes are those that are transcribed but not translated. They code for either long (200) or short (200et al., 2012). The highly abundant short non coding RNA genes have been well characterized and are known to play an important role in dissimilar cellular functions such as transcriptional regulation, translation regulation, RNA editing etc. Both long and short non coding RNAs are mostly transcribed by RNA polymerase II. However, some species of non coding RNAs are also transcribed by RNA pol III and I.Small Nuclear RNA genesThe review bind by Guthrie explains the steps that were undertaken to identify the snRNAs associated with the spliceosome (Guthrie and Patterson, 1988) and work carried out by the same group revealed that many of the U-RNAs were encoded by single-copy genes, such as U5 which is encoded by snR7 (Riedel et al., 1986).U in RNA stand for Uracil, each nucleotide in RNA encloses a ribose sugar, with carbons numbered 1 throughout 5. A base is appended to the 1 position, all in all, coulomb (C), adenine (A), uracil (U), or guanine (G). Cytosine and uracil are pyrimidines, Adenine and guanine are purines.Materials and MethodsMediaYPD and YPD+G418 platesYPD media were made from 2% D-glucose, 1% Bacto yeast extract, 2% Bacto-peptone. YPD plates were prepared by adding 2% agar to the YPD media.Agar (2%) and G418 Geneticin (200g/ml) was supplement in the YPD media for the preparation YPD+G418 plates. The recepie for YPD+G418 plates isBacto Peptone Difco 10gBacto Yeast Extract Difco 10gGlucose 20gBacto Agar (if plates) 20gDistilled water qsp 1LAutoclave at 0,5barAfter autoclavage let cool down until 55CAdd G418 to have a final concentration of 200mg/L(1 mL of 200mg/mL G418 in 1L of YPD) (Genetics of Intra Specie Variations)Identification of mating types and cross matingUsing 96 well plate, colonies of G418 resistance spores, which have been isolated from replica platting method, were inoculated in 100ul of YPD and 7ulof DMSO and incubated overnight at 30C. This stock can be stored at -20C.The RT2 a strain and RT3 strain were allowed to grow in 5ml YPD socialization overnight at 30C. Following that two separated 96 well plates were used by filling each well with 10l of the RT2 a strain or RT3 strain separately. Then 10l of the tested samples were added each well of the known strains. These were then incubated overnight at 30oC.Following incubation, metal frogger was used to replica plate the crosses onto deficiency plates without leucine and tryptophan. The incubation period was allowed until the colonies were able to be obtained on the deficient media.For crossing, 2ul of the stock spores were pipetted on to deficiency plates without methionine and deficient plates without lysine. This was incubated at 30C until the growth was determined.When all data of the deficiency plates and mating types was known, cross spores of opposite mating type and one defficiency was done by adding 10ul of each mating stock culture into an eppendrof tube and incubated overnight at 30C.Strain confirmationTo confirm that the picked cells were haploid spores and that the cells were originally BY4743 yeast, all dissected spores were grown on different SD media.RUF22G418-URA-HIS-LEULYS-MET1A+++1B+1C1D++2A+++2B++2C2D+3A++3B+3C+3D++4A++4B4C++4D++5A+5B+5C+5D+++6 A++6B++6C+6D+7A+7B+7C++7D++Table 2 Growth of the deletion strain tetrads on different SD media for RUF22 gene. Each colony was scored for significant growth (+) or no/ lamentable growth (-) on each medium.RUF21G418-URA-HIS-LEULYS-MET1A+1B+1C++1D++2A+2B++2C++2D+3A++3B+3C+3D++4A++4B++4C++4D5A+5B++5C5D+++6A++6B++6C+6D+Table 3 Growth of the deletion strain tetrads on different SD media for RUF21 gene. Each colony was scored for significant growth (+) or no/poor growth (-) on each medium.TLC1G418-URA-HIS-LEULYS-MET1A++1B++1C1D++2A++2B+++2C2D+3A+++3B+3C+3D+4A++4B+4C+4D++5A5B++5C+5D+++6A++6B++6C6D++7A7B7C+++7D+++Table 4 Growth of the deletion strain tetrads on different SD media for TL gene. Each colony was scored for significant growth (+) or no/poor growth (-) on each medium.The data in Tables 2 and 3 shows the results of the dissected RUF22 and RUF21 spores after being given the required time to grow. It was found that there was no growth in the SD(-URA), SD(-HIS) and SD(-LEU) plates in dicating that they were BY4743-derived tetrads. Moreover, the growth of the spores observed in the YPD+G418, SD(-MET) and SD(-LYS) in the case of RUF22 and RUF21 deleted strains indicating that these cells derived from tetrads and were haploid knockouts.ReferencesGenetics of Intra Specie Variations. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2014, from http//www.ens-lyon.fr/LBMC/gisv/index.php/en/protocols/yeast-methods/72-yeast-media-recipesMattick JS, M. I. (2006, April 15). Pub Med. Retrieved September 19, 2014, from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16651366

The Evolution Of The Food And Beverage Industry Marketing Essay

The Evolution Of The Food And Beverage Industry Marketing EssayThe evolution of the fare and beverage industry in tandem with eating houses back be said one of the most fundamental inceptions of all time. According to Kiefer (2002, p.58), Paris is often cited as the birthplace of the modern-day restaurant, but restaurants existed long onward the French Revolution in other locations when economics and social mores made them feasible. He continues by saying that as of today, there are millions of restaurants across the sphere that offer variant types of food, services and experiences as opposed to limited scope of the original restaurants (p.58-60).Nonetheless, it is vitally inherent to note that in spite of the monumental confirming steps that have been made in this industry over the recent times much more still regards to be done so that restaurants achieve their full potentiality in the present universe of discourse (Morgan and Watson, 2007). It is for this causality that t here has been an increasingly popular need for merchandise of restaurants in particular and food industry in general. In respect to that, Warden and Martens (1998) say that over the recent times, Marketing and advertising have developed as industrial applications of socio-scientific techniques of data accumulation and analysis for the purpose of selling commodities. And in locate to do this marketing, it is fundamental to establish the important precepts that of restaurants so as to adequately plan do the marketing. It is for this reason that this dissertation proposal focuses on concisely outlining the roles that food and experience play in marketing. Then based on the findings which are drawn from a unspecific range of write-ups by numerous authors we will be able to know which of the two precepts (food and experience) should be increasingly used by restaurants owners to market their food joints in their webwebsites.Aims and objectives of the proposalTo establish which of the two precepts (food and experience) is most important and intrinsic in website marketing of a restaurant to its targeted public.To find other essential contributing factors that at the same time complement the roles of food and experience in the marketing of a restaurant through a website.To investigate how food and experience are represented on restaurant website for their promotion.To determine how tilt may be handled in restaurant marketing website for food and experience.Notably, all the in a higher place aims and objectives are based on the literature reviewed below.3.0Literature ReviewWeb marketing has become very(prenominal) important in our modern world of new technology. Web marketing also known as internet marketing, online marketing, digital marketing or e-marketing is defined as marketing which is probably done through the e-mail and media which is wireless. Electronic customer relationship charge system is considered as internet marketing.Media is placed in varyin g stages of customer circles referred to as circles of customer engagement using search engines. Marketing reports show that 80% of customers use internet search to locate for restaurants located locally. An estimated 50% of the customers view menus, reviews, pictures in the internet to locate for restaurants. Companies need to have well and easily navigated restaurant websites to market themselves locally and nationally. The main objective is to ensure the web site should increase the number of customers and increase the sales.A restaurant company that faces stiff competition good deal use websites to earn reputation in the market. Social networking is effective tool in marketing restaurants. Marketing specialist or the owner can prepare a blog containing the recent trends in the restaurant. Book marking is used to prepare a large online space for the restaurant.Company can create a review site and pay some people to comment negatively or positively about the restaurant. Customer s feel honored when given a chance to voice out their ideas and thoughts about the restaurant. This can attract customers to the hotel because they think they are stake holders of the restaurant. News letters can be printed to depict the restaurants up-to-the-minute advertising, promotional and performance trends. Customers will tell others about the restaurant and reduce extra costs of advertising because advertising by word of mouth is very important in the field of business. Companies should hire marketing firms to market their restaurants online.Clear expand of the restaurant should be provided online. They include menu offerings, telephone number, and address and restaurants history. some(prenominal) people visit the website nowadays and your restaurant can attract people from different regions of the world. The restaurants website can be made available both offline and online. Changes to the restaurants web site should be made gradually.3.1 Advantages of online restaurant m arketingCheap as compared to traditional methods of advertising like use of radio, news papers, magazines and bill boards.Reaches so many customers world wide using the internet.Quick and effective for customers who frequently use the internet.Helpful in reducing competition among other restaurants using web marketing.3.2 Disadvantages of online restaurant marketingIn applicable when customers dont have access to internet services.Failure to frequently update restaurant web site may lead to trailing performance. lack of enough information about the restaurant may present marketing and advertising in effective.3.3 Website analysis10 Steps are followed in order to analyze a web site.Understand the purpose of the website immediately. Navigate through the website quickly and when you are lost then exit the web.Find out whether the website is attractive. search on how white space page is displayed. Website covered with images means that the legibility is bare.Navigate and find out where you are there and why.Typography should be go on througho8ut the website search.Website should be well organized with invisible grids provided underneath. When the content is placed in all part of the page then it means the designer had been lost in the designing of the web.Colors used in designing the website should be used in alignment with the content. Colors that are not interesting to the viewer of the website make the design to fail.The design of the website should be consistency from the start to the end of the page.The website should be designed in a way that is compatible to the browser whether internet adventurer or fires fox.Website should be created fast and light so as to ensure easy and quick browsing without waiting for minutes for the page to be displayed.4.0Research methodology4.1 Content analysis of the website chosenUnder this section we shall use an example of a website of Steve restaurant in Toronto. The website is www.steves restaurant.ca. The website among many others discussed is very explicit and shows all the details in the web page. In order for a restaurant to succeed in internet marketing the website should be very attractive.Steves restaurant website has a distinct purpose for the business activity to be carried. When we look at the displayed page the hotel twist is clearly drawn and written with words which are inscribed in red color.Steves Restaurant The content is not paced in all the part of the page but here are spaces underneath. The website is easily navigable and the pages are arranged from the beginning to the end.The colors used in the pages especially when you browse to the menu page are very attractive. When you look at the costs of meat, eggs and battercake all appear in different colors ranging from red, blue, yellow, and white.Pages are light and fast to open and a person does not wait for long to be displayed. Topography is clear and the website is compatible to the users of internet explorer and Mozilla fi re fox. A restaurant which can afford to develop a website like the one discussed a above then it is in a good position to market itself both internationally and locally. It can increase sells and the flow of the customers within the region of operation.4.2 Reliability and ambitiousinessBecause Steves restaurant has been in operation since 1946 in Toronto in the U.S then any other hotelier or a business exercutitive can create a website which is clear and professional like that of Steve. The menu, home page, map, info, photos, contest and contact us are well displayed. Telephone numbers are provided on top of the starting page. Images of tables, chairs and small tomato sauce bottles are shown. The restaurant looks to be located in a busy street with people moving up and down. The building appears greyish in colour and the area is cool with enough shade.4.3 Limitations to researchTo arrive at a discussed website for a given restaurant is very hard because you first ask yourself wh ether to create your own website or to look for examples of websites that have been created following the crucial ten steps for web design. Some pages providing clear website designs may not open therefore derailing the research exercise. It is costly to carry out an internet search especially in regions where internet cyber cafes are few.4.4ConclusionInternet marketing especially for food and beverage providers is important. Most restaurants especially in the developed countries should hire qualified web designers to design restaurant websites. Websites should be changed after a given time to make them look a new to increase the customer base.Owers that dont recognize internet marketing especially in the United states, England, Spain, France and others need to change their business marketing altitudes and adopt modern ways of online marketing.Food has more weight than experience and excellent advertising and marketing functions should be communicate online.

The Concept Of Research Design Information Technology Essay

The Concept Of Research Design In imprintation Technology EssayIn this chapter we leave hatch the look questions concerning the conflict of CRM execution on comp each performance. In the branch percentage, we forget explain the concept of investigate jut out and the several(predicate) enquiry jut outs types.In the second section, we testament adjudicate the look for design that we will subroutine in our thesis. First, we will define the paradox and explain the objectives of our studies. Second we will define the research order that we argon using. Third, we will explain the opposite concept of scaling. Fourth, the will explain the design of the questionnaire and the try out process.Section 1 The concept of research designIn this section we will explain the different concept and methodologies of the research design in order to utilize the correct research design type in our thesis.1. Research designThe research design is defined as a editwork with special p rocedures for collecting and analyzing the prerequisite info from different sources, allowing the identification of the research problem (Emory and Cooper, 1991). The successful research design should cover the following tasks it should define the research problem, select the necessitate information when it is needed, specify the bar and scaling procedures, make a pre- foot race questionnaire, define the sampling process and the smack size, select the correct plan for data analysis and tabulation, define the time and fiscal constraints and follow up on the completed research study ( Brierty and Al,1998). The Nature of the study defines which research method should be adopted.It exist three different types of research, the exploratory, the descriptive or the causal.1.2 The exploratory Research typeThe objective of exploratory research is to help the police detective to understand the problem situation. The results of using this type of research ar guidelines for a better co mprehension of the problem and encouragement of the personal explanation and creativity of the researcher (Sudman and Blair, 1997).Usually the exploratory research is used for the following reasons growth hypotheses, in case we dont know much information about the research issue, to isolate the variables and relationships for advanced examination, for positioning studies, familiarization with customers, to establish precedence for auxiliary research, make growting pertly ideas, to differentiate process, to defines a problem more than specifically and developing an approach to the problem.The exploratory research is necessary when the information is loosely defined that leads to uncrystallized on the job(p) format. This type of research allows high flexibility in the research, since it allows changes in the procedures and protocols (Tull and Hawkins,1993).In addition the exploratory research send packing be divided into four categories honorable analyses, secondary data a nalysis, pilot studies. First, the expert surveys are conducted by consulting persons that flummox experience in a specific field, which help the researcher to collect skilful data about the studied subject. Second, secondary data analysis is found on another research area which is economical and ready to use. Secondary data help the researcher to rank and define the research problem, to develop clear research design approach for the problem, to allow analyzing the primary data more sharp and to practises some research questions (Malhotra, 1996). Third, pilot studies are small scale exploratory researches that are used to understand the research problem setting (Zikmund, 2000).In oecumenic the exploratory research use the counselling group , which is an interview conducted with a small group of responder in a free-flowing manner. Focus groups have numerous advantages, since it is much quicker to collect information compared to interviewing individuals, the level of excitem ent increase when the topic stimulates the respondents, the raillery is usually recorded and the researcher can refer to it later, the moderator controls the discussion and he doesnt allow respondents to deviate the topic, respondents feel more comfortable in group discussions and they will express their personal ideas more freely which produce a wide range of information and ideas.In other hand, focus groups have some disadvantages, since they are difficult to moderate and sometimes they are misjudged , results can be misused and can be considered not to be representative of the whole universe of discourse (Malhotra,1996).1.3 The descriptive research typeThe descriptive research is used to describe a phenomena and it studies the relationship amongst variables (Churchill, 1998).The descriptive research should be the most accurate as possible allowing the understanding of the research problem. The results of successful descriptive studies can answer any question with high precisio n.The descriptive research is used for the following reasons for define the perceptions of problem characteristics, to explain the decision making process and its impacts, to get specific predictions, to explain the characteristics of groups such as customers and organizations, and to determine the differences in needs among subgroups.The descriptive research is characterized by the formulations of explicit hypotheses, which leads to a research design more structured and contains several statistical methodologies. In addition, the descriptive research can be applied using four different methods panels, secondary data, observational data and surveys. First, the panels are group of commonwealth that answers to a number of telephone interviews or mail or personal interviews for a period of time. The observation includes recording the sort of the respondents in a methodical way to obtain the needed information about a proposed problem. Second, the surveys include interviews with a num ber of people by using a questionnaire about the studied subject (Tull and Hawkins,1993).1.3 The causal research typeThe causal research type is to recognize the cause and effect relationship between the variables in the problem model. In general, the descriptive and the exploratory research lead the way for cause and effect relationship studies. The descriptive research allows examining the associations between variables, and the causal research explain the relation between those variables, for example a change in one variable affects the other variables. The causal research can be used in the following cases to define which variables are the cause, the in open variables, and which variables is the effect, the dependent variables, of a phenomenon, and to explain the spirit of relationship between the dependent and the independent variables.The causal research has a structured design and should be carefully planned. The design explain how several independent variables are manipulat ed to see its effect on the dependent variables in a well-defined environment (Malhotra, 1996).The causal research has some disadvantages, since it is expensive, difficult to administer, doesnt reflect the real(a) population opinions (Walker et al., 1999).2. Selecting the research approachIn general, the nature of research and the researcher personal discretion defines which research design should be adopted in the study (Zikmund, 2000). The previous researches can direct the researcher to the rightfulness direction for choosing the correct research design. In general, it is always recommended to start the research design using the exploratory research if the research problem is of an ambiguous nature. Researchers use the descriptive research when they are aware of the research problem but they need more understanding of the different flavours of the problem. In case of the research problem is clearly defined, the researchers use the causal research method. The exploratory resear ch allows forming hypothesis and the causal or descriptive research are used to statistically test the hypothesis.In order to choose the correspondent research approach it is very important to compare every approach characteristics, and to choose the research method based on logical examination of the research problem aspects.The purpose of our study is to determine the impacts of changes resulting from the implementation of the CRM solution on the Lebanese firms performance. In addition, we will use the exploratory research to formulate the hypothesis and the causal research since we will appreciate the effects of the CRM on the firm.In order to achieve the required results of the study, the researcher should define the stages of activity which must be worked through to achieve a reliable study (Johnson, 1994). Those stones throws are establish the purpose of the study, identify the specific objectives of the study, define the research method, develop the research instrument and access, collect the required data, ordering the data, analyzing the data, writing results and conclusion.The measurement procedure is defined by assigning total to the different aspects of objects based on certain pre-defined rules, to produce accurate data (Malhotra, 1996). In our thesis, we use statistical numbers to analyze and communicate the responses of the employees and the customers. In addition, scaling allows the generation of a continuum upon which measured objects are located (Malhotra, 1996).Section 2 The research designIn this section we will define the research design that we will adopt in our thesis. We will explain all the aspects of the adopted research design.3. fuss definitionThe research problem is divided into different incorporated steps allowing the researcher to deeply study the proposed subject and it defines the direction of the study. The challenge that researchers flavor in the research problem definition is that the defined should not be defined to o broadly or too narrowly. The caution should be exercised when defining the problem to avoid defining a symptom instead of the real problem (Cravens, 2000).The purpose of our study is to evaluate the impact of changes brought by the implementation of CRM on the firm performance in the Lebanese market. Firms are implementing CRM to increase their war-ridden advantages. This implementation has several impacts on firm performance, such as financially (Profits and ROI), customer loyalty and employees productivity. From here we will study the impact of CRM implementation on firm performance.4. The objectives.In order to achieve the required results from the study, researchers need to have clear understanding of the research purpose (Sigmund, 2000).The main objective of our research is to evaluate the impact of CRM implementation on the firm. The success of CRM process starts with the implementation phase, by including the entire firm departments in the implementation and by focusing on the processes re-engineering.The research objectives are defined as following the importance of change management plan forwards implementing a CRM system, the importance of people in the CRM, the importance of customer bliss, the ROI of the CRM implementation and the productivity of the employees.The managers having experience with the implementation of CRM provides the research with the necessary background information and the employees working the CRM (customer service) solution provide us with the necessary operation information.5. The Problem definition afterwards the implementation of CRM in the firm, the managers in the Lebanese organizations cannot evaluate the impact of the CRM Solution on their organization performance. The evaluation of the CRM starts from the implementation phase before going to the after implementation phase. The managers cannot define clear criteria for controlling the results of CRM on the firm. Furthermore, the reason is that the impacts of CRM can not be viewed directly and it requires a long period to see conspicuous results.In order to clearly define the problem researchers need to view the problem from different aspects. The first issue that we need to evaluate after the implementation of CRM is the success of the implementation. This can be evaluated by studying the change management strategy adopted. Based on our literature review, most of the projects failures are due to the absence seizure of clear change management strategy.The second to evaluate is how the CRM affected the firm performance this can be evaluated by studying the customer retention and satisfaction in addition to the employee productivity.In order to define all the dimensions of the problem, a questionnaire should be prepared. In the questionnaire we will include all the objectives of our study. First we will focus how to manage an information technology driven change in the firm from the change management perspective (change management strategy, plann ing and budget). Second, we will study the impact of CRM on people in the organization (Training, evaluating their productivity and rewarding) and resistance problem. Third, the questionnaire will include the importance of customers background and satisfaction in CRM implementation (Customers trends, and customers feedback). At the end, we will the study the Return on investment of CRM.Our research will evaluate different change aspects resulting from the implementation of CRM in the Lebanese firms.6. Research methodsIn this section will explain the research method that we will adopt in our thesis. We will define the work field and the different aspects of the research methods.6.1 SurveysThe research method is the base of the research project, since it defines the methods to collect the necessary information for the project. The research method defines and justifies the methods to collect the required data, and to develop a questionnaire allowing us to obtain the required informatio n. It alike specifies the sampling of the respondents.The first step in the research method is to select the respondent for the survey, to allow the collection of the primary data. In our thesis the population is employees from Lebanese firms, and the respondents are managers and employees from three Lebanese organizations that have apply CRM.The surveys have many benefits for the researchers, since it is low-cost and efficient to get the required information about the population. The surveys are sincere to administer, it allows the researcher to have control on the render, and the use of fixed responses decrease the variability in the results (Birks, 2003).It exist several forms of surveys such as emails and personal interviews (Zikmund, 2001). In our survey, we will use two methods, the email form and the personal interviews method. The personal interview is personalized and it allows direct interaction with the respondent, but it is time overwhelming for the researcher. priv ate interviews assure high response grade, and better observation of the respondent behavior. The personal interview is based on the direct communication with respondent and the researcher asks the questions face to face.Personal interviews have many advantages for the researcher he can change or adapt the questions depending on the interviewee reaction. In addition, personal interviews increase the response rates and increase the number of the participants in the surveys.The disadvantage of personal interviews is that respondents sometimes find difficult to answer face to face personal questions.In other hand, the online survey provides the researcher with instant feedback and it is inexpensive to distribute especially for large samples. However the main disadvantage of online surveys is the inaccurate data in the answers of the survey. Thus, online surveys depend on people to be honest especially about their personal information such as age, gender and location. The inaccurate da ta may affect the results of the study.6.2 Survey research errorsThe error is necessarily a part of any survey, and it exist different type of errors. The first error is associated with the respondents that answer the survey. This type of error occurs when the sample is draw from larger population and there are chances that the sample differs from the total population (random sampling error). Furthermore, the way the sample is designed and selected can influence how much the sample shows the real characteristics of the population. The random variation from the real characteristics of the population should also be taken in consideration in the sampling process.In our thesis, the random sampling error is reduced since the target population is specifically selected. We will select number of firms that have implemented CRM, which operates in the Lebanese market. In addition, the sample should be representative of the Lebanese market.The second type of error is the systematic error that occurs from some mistakes in implementing the research. The systematic errors are non-sampling errors which are divided into two categories the administrative error and the respondent error.First, the administrative error is caused by confusion or by neglecting some aspects of the survey or improper administration of the survey. The administrative errors are divided into four types the data processing error, the interviewer error and cheating, and the sample selection error. In order to reduce this type of errors we will double check the data processing.Second, the respondent error depends on the respondents answers if the answers are not accurate the results of the surveys will not be significant. The non-respondent error occurs when a number of respondents of the sample fail to answer the survey questions.Third, the response bias occurs when the respondent like to take a pre-defined direction for the answers and this doesnt represent the correct opinion of the interviewee. The re spondent may give answers that differ from the way he really thinks. In order, to avoid the response bias we will use clear and well defined questions to minimize the ability of the respondent to direct the survey in a pre-defined way.7. The concept of scalingA scale is considered a series of arranged items and every item is placed concord to its quantification. The scale is divided into four types ordinal, nominal, ratio and time separation.The ordinal scale type is rank the data according to have more or less characteristic. The ranking have logical order. Furthermore, this type of scale allows the measurement the degrees of difference but not the specific amount of difference.The nominal scale, provide the respondent with series of possibilities in the objective of categorizing events or attributes. The nominal scale does not express any relationship between the variables. Furthermore, the only statistical operation that can be do by using the nominal type is the frequency ru n. It is important to include all the possible answers in the nominal scale, and it is important to provide the respondent with the cream to choose other.The ratio scale demonstrates growth relationships between items and time periods. It allows comparing items in the comparable graph, starting at different levels. In other hand, the interval scale is an advanced notion of ranking items, since the distance between adjacent points are equal. In order to determine if a scale is interval or not it is important to underlie intent regarding the equal intervals. For example, dates can be measured on interval scale because differences are measured in eld and no ratio can be given to a ratio of times (Collins, 2003).In our thesis, we will use three interval scales, the nominal, ordinal and interval scales to explain and compare the different aspects of CRM impact on the firm.First, we will use the nominal scale to collect data concerning the demographic data concerning the respondents an d the Lebanese firms. Second, we will use the ordinal scale to allow respondents (employees and managers) to rank the answers. This allows us to know which answer is the most important for the respondents. Third, we will use interval scale to identify the importance of the answers by using the Likert scale.In natural science, the rigour and reliability of the research is essential to assure the integrity of the research and assure the achievement of the coveted objectives. The reliability is concerned with consistency. The consistency has three aspects, the first aspect is when reproducing the study again, the same results are found. This is defined as stability over time. The second aspect is equivalence this office that the study can be done elsewhere, for example in a different country. The third aspect is internal consistency which means that the results of one section is confirmed by the others sections (Bryman, 2001).Validity is concerned with accuracy and which method prov ides the most accurate answers which is the integrity of conclusions (Gorman and Clayton, 1997). The internal validity is when we assure that any causal relationships found are related to the variables and the external validity is that the result can be applied outside of the current research context. Furthermore, the face validity and criterion validity are necessary elements to assure the reliability, which means that the information fit the expected pattern, and assure the accuracy of findings by using a different method. In addition, to enhance the reliability and the validity each item in the survey is clear and easily understood, each item should be analyzed in the intended way, and the relation between the items and the objective of the study is clear (Suskie ,1996).In order to assure high reliability and validity of the collected data we cover the questionnaire to managers and employees that are directly related to the CRM, in Lebanese firms.8. Designing the questionnaireDe signing a questionnaire is based on setting specific questions allowing the researcher to get the required information. The well designed questionnaire minimizes the response error and pushes the respondents to complete the questionnaire (Malhotra and Birks, 2003). The benefits of the questionnaire is to ensure comparability of the data , increase the speed and accuracy , and facilitate the data processing (Kotler, 2000). It is necessary to choose the right type of questions and the optimized ordering.In order to collect data related to our pervious hypothesis we prepared two questionnaires. The first questionnaire is addressed to the employees and managers in the Lebanese firms that are directly related to the implementation of CRM. The second questionnaire is addressed to customers that are buying from these firms.The questionnaires will be divided into two parts. In the first part, we will collect information about the background of the respondent and the profile of the company. In the second part, we will collect information about each of the research objectives.The questionnaire starts by asking general simple questions such as the respondent opinion about CRM and the firm. This will increase the will of the respondent to proceed with the questionnaire. In addition, we will ask the sensitive questions at the end of the questionnaire such as costs and ROI of the CRM project. The questions will be asked with third-person approach and we will use structured and unstructured questions. In addition, we will include open ended questions and structured questions.The structured questions provide the respondent with several alternatives for answering the question. In addition, structured questions take the form of dichotomous, multiple choice and scale. The open ended questions allow the respondent to provide personalized answers.For the firm employees and managers the questionnaire will include the demographic information about the respondent, carriage about the CRM system (Five point Likert scale), dealing with the implementation of CRM system, CRM implementation information and working with CRM system.For the customers, the questionnaire will also include the demographic information, attitude toward firms that have implemented CRM, general feeling about the relations with the firms that have implemented CRM, the will customers to pay more to gain more services, likelihood to keep dealing with the same firm, and wanting to have stronger relationship with the firm.After developing the questionnaires we will run pretests, to identify the problems in questionnaires directions and design. Furthermore, pretests are run with a small group of respondents. We will provide small sample of people (ten persons) with the questionnaires to evaluate the questionnaires direction and quality. The sample will include three middle line managers and three employees and four customers. After answering to the surveys questions we asked the respondent about th eir opinion and about the problems they found in the surveys. This helped us to improve some aspects in the surveys and adding some new questions.9. tasteSampling process has to answer some basic questions how should we select the sample? Second, which process should be used? What is the size of the sample? How can we adjust the non-response errors?In general, the more diversified sample assures an accurate research. The random sampling error varies depending on the sample sizes (Hawkins et al., 2000) with the increase of the sample size the results reliability decreases. In order to determine the sample size several factors should be taken into consideration such as the resource constraints, the variance of the population, the previous studies, and the confidence interval (Hawkins and Tull, 1993).The first step in the sample selection process is defining the target population the collection of objects that the researcher considers having the necessary information is considered as the target population. The target population should be chose based on the sampling units, the time and the elements (Malhotra and Birks, 2003). The elements of our research are employees and customers of Lebanese firms that have adopted CRM .The extent of the survey is Lebanon, and the period is between celestial latitude 2012 and January 2013.9.1 The sampling techniqueIn order to create the sample, we used the sampling without replacement technique.Adopting this sampling technique means that when an element is selected, it is removed from the sampling frame and it cannot be selected again. Furthermore, we adopted the non-probability technique in order to define the correspondent sample for our study. The non- probability depends on the personal opinion of the researcher and doesnt rely on chance to choose the sample elements (Malhotra and Birks, 2003). In addition, the convenience sampling technique is also adopted the convenience sample is used to select a sample of correspondent elements that helps to achieve the objectives of the study. In general, the interviewer selects the convenient units (Malhotra and Birks, 2003). The convenience sampling is the least expensive in comparison to other sampling techniques, it is the least time consuming and all the sampling units are cooperative and accessible. In other hand, the convenience samples may not represent any definable population.9.2 The sample selectionThe sampling design includes several criteria to select the correct sample, such as size and kind of sample.In our thesis, the firms studied are employees and customers of Lebanese firms that have implemented CRM which are considered the population. The respondents are the employees and managers that work with CRM. In addition, the customers sample is selected from the CRM database in the same firms.In our research, we chose three (3) Lebanese firms that have implemented CRM from different industries, and we selected three (3) managers from each company, and tail fin (5) employees from each firm. In addition, we selected ten (10) customers that deal with these firms.PopulationEmployees and customers of Lebanese Firms that have implemented CRMSampleThree (3) Lebanese Firms employees and customersManagersNine (9)EmployeesFifteen (15) employeesCustomersThirty (30) customers sidestep 2 The population and the sample of the study10. The Data collectionThe data collection for our thesis started in December 2012 till January 2013. We distributed the questionnaire by two ways, by email and personally. The respondent of the questionnaire were in general cooperative and most of them completed all the questions of the survey.The selection of three Lebanese firms in different industries allowed us to have a variety in the respondents perceptions.

Comparing Mistaken Identity in Merchant of Venice, Comedy Errors, Twelf

Mistaken Identity in Merchant of Venice, Comedy of Errors, one-twelfth Night and As You Like It The ploy of monstrous individualism as a plot device in writing comedies dates back at least to the times of the Greeks and Romans in the writings of Menander and Plautus. Shakespeare borrowed the device they introduced and unquestionable it into a fine art as a means of expressing theme as well as furthering comic relief in his works. Shakespeares artistic information is clearly shown in the four comedies The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and Measure for Measure where he manages to take the germinal idea of mistaken identity and expand it to peaks its originators never fathomed. In Shakespeares first comedy, The Comedy of Errors, mistaken identity is the sole impetus behind the action, as it had been with its original sources. The germinal idea of communicate how one really knows who one is is introduced, but the conflicts that occur between appearance and rea lity are not totally realized. This will be accomplished by Shakespeares maturing comic style as he begins to recognize all the varying aspects presented by the ploy of mistaken identity. In its simplest form, mistaken identity is shown in Twelfth Night where twins are mistaken for each other enhancing the comic confusion of the plot. This basic concept is taken deeper, however, when it is recognized that one twin is actually a girl who would not normally be mistaken for her brother. This only happens because she has resorted to disguise. Viola masquerading as Cessario opens the doors for many double meanings in dialogue through a great deal of playing with words. When her twin brother Sebastian arrives, the comic elements reign as her meek natur... ...re to everyone. These are only a few of the ways Shakespeare modify mistaken identity by expanding the concept to include disguise, self-delusion, and theme. It is impossible to fully develop all the uses and expansions this ba sic comic device received in Shakespeares men even when dealing with the limited scope of plays we are looking at in this question. It is also impossible to isolate one aspect of this development from the others because Shakespeare intertwined them in such a way that in his growth as a comic writer he took the ploy of mistaken identity and used it in its totality of meaning. Ultimately, mistaken identity is a subtle thread underlying virtually every comic action studied in these four works. by his development of this simple comic device we clearly see one aspect of the whole that makes up Shakespeares creative genius.

Ural Mountains :: Informative Essays

The Ural peckains are a rugged spine across Russia, running 1,300 milesfrom the fringe of the Arctic in the North, to the bend of the Ural River in theSouth. Traditionally they orchestrate a boundary between Europe and Asia. The north-south course of the Urals is relatively narrow, varying from about 20 to 90miles in width, but it cuts across the immense latitude landscape regions of theEurasian landmass, from Arctic waste to semidesert the Urals also are part ofthe Ural economic region, a highly developed industrial complex closely tied tothe mineral-rich Siberian region, and are the home of raft with roots reachingdeep into history.Physical FeaturesThe Urals divide into five voices. The northerlymost Polar Uralsextend close to 240 miles from Mount Konstantinov Kamen in the north-east to theKhulga River the southeast most mountains rise to 3300-3600 feet above sealevel, although the highest peak, Mount Payer reaches 4829 ft. The next stretch,the Nether-Polar Urals, extends fo r more than 140 miles south to the ShchugorRiver. This section contains the highest peaks of the entire range, includingMount Narodnaya which reaches 6217 ft. and Mount Karpinsk Which is 6161 ft.These first two sections are typically Alpine and are Strewn withGlaciers and are heavily marked with permafrost. Farther south jazz the NorthernUrals, which stretch for more than 340 miles to the Usa River in the south mostmountains top 3300 feet, and the highest peak, Mount Telpos-Iz, rises 5305 ft.Many of the summits are flattened, the remnants of the ancient Peneplainsuplifted by geographically tectonic movements. In the north, intensiveweathering has resulted in vast "seas of stone" on mountain slopes and summits.The lower Central Urals extend more than 200 miles to the Ufa river, rarely transcend 1600 ft., althought the highest peak Mount SrednyBascy, rises to 3261ft. The summits are smooth, with isolated residual outcrops. The last portion,the Southern Urals, extends some 340 miles to the westward bend of the UralRiver and consists of several parallel ridges rising to 3900 ft. and culminatingin Mount Yamantau, 580 ft. the section terminates in the wide uplands of theMugadozer h ills.The PeopleHuman habitation of the Urals dates to the distant past, The Nenetes areSanoyed people of the Pay-Khoyregion, and their language belongs to theSamoyedic group of languages, which is widespread throughout northern Siberia.The most numerous indigenous groups the Bashkir, long settled in the southernUrals speak a tongue relater to the Turkic group. The Russian population is thelargest group of people and is concentrated primarily in the central and

The Importance of the Warrior Class Exposed in Funeral Oration of Peric

There are two important matters that the Funeral Oration of Pericles proves, these two matters are, the swell respect that Athenians have for their warrior class and how the Athenians were exceedingly exalted of their city and its customs. The following paper discusses the way of life of Athenians and how the Funeral Oration of Pericles influenced it. It is a well-known fact that the Athenians had a great deal of respect for the warrior class and believed them to be among the top members of their society. The warriors were seen as the top portion of their classes. They are classified as heros and/ or idols. The Athenians were also extremely proud of their city and its traditions. To the people of capital of Greece their country was at the top and there was no other country that could be superior. The purpose of the funeral oration was not except to respect the departed but also to reward the citizens national pride and their passion to defend their country.The oration was a eulo gy that focuses on the prominence of Athens and her ancestors. A member of the family gave the eulogy, generally it was a son if possible. It was required by the law for the dissertation to have some necessary components. The speech had to be in regard to the lives of both the deceased and the ancestors of the deceased. At the end of the eulogy that Pericles gave he spoke in reference to the soldiers and the ancestors of Athens. Although it seemed that he was not sure if he had an match on the people and he was unsure as to if he had been able to get through to the citizens of Athens. He states, My task is now finished. I have performed it to the scoop of my ability, and in words, at least, the requirements of the law are now satisfied. (Thucydides, 109) ... ... die for their country and its people. Athenians set a goal for themselves, they wanted to love and shield their state in all ways possible and they wanted to choose the most respectable way to die, that being during bat tle. The reason this way of death is seen to be so honourable is because it showed that the soldiers fully loved their country and it meant that they had completed their goal. And where the rewards for merit are greatest, there are found the best citizens. (Thucydides, 109) In conclusion, it can be said that the Funeral unconscious process proved how important and significant the warrior class was in Athens and how the people of Athens had a great respect for their city and its customs.Works CitedThucydides, The Peloponnesian War. mesh 6 April 2015http//www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0200%3Abook%3D2&force=y

Their Eyes Were Watching Essay -- Literary Analysis, Zora Neale Hurst

Oftentimes, the quest for self discovery centers on the search for ones voice. In Zora Neale Hurstons novel, Their Eyes Were Watching Gd the endorser learns about Janie, the novels protagonist and hero, as she tells her friend Phoebe how she found her individuation. Early on the reader learns that language is an important motif in the novel, yet, Zora Neale Hurston deliberately leaves out Janies voice in the scene where she uses it to save her life (acquit her of murder). In this scene, Janie does not speak through direct discourse or free mixed indirect discourse her testimony is relayed to the reader through the narrator. Zora Neale Hurston did this to clarify the meaning of the novel voice is best used for story presentment (to people who will listen). It is used to tell stories that will be passed around and help others grow. It is a means of passing down history. It is a vehicle for story-telling (folklore). *** accept a line or 2 that states and organizes my arguments**** *At first the novel seems as if it is about Janies quest for love. But a deeper look reveals a more profound message. The real story is about Janie overcoming the struggles that keep her from finding her identity. Her identity is tied with her ability to become a storyteller, which she cannot become until she finds her voice. Janies exploitation occurs as she grows to understand the loneliness of silence and how morality is required for community (Meese 47). Her voice is who she is, and just like folklore, it is shaped by beliefs, experiences, and dreams. (i.e. another hint that folklore is the identity of her culture). However, having a voice is only half of the battle, knowing when and how to use it is just as important. At the store opening in ... ...Hurston added this scene to show the sizeableness of culture. By not accepting her heritage, Mrs. Turner leads a miserable life because she is rejecting her identity. Janie is not influenced by the white standard of judgment. Unlike Mrs. Turners marriage, Janies is real she truly admires her husband and his ability to take most any lil thing and make summertime out of it when times is dull. (173). Hurston wants the people of her culture to be proud of who they are. By not doing so, they lead miserable lives like Mrs. Turners. Conclusion present day folklore is story telling through music. Not every rap and hip hop songs are about sex and drugs. Many artists write songs with meaning. Like Jay Zs Can I live. entangle some lyrics and what they mean, telling the black folk of today some morals he learned along the way that helped me become and stay successful.