A Zara Supply Chain Strategy

A Zara Supply Chain Strategy The theoretical scope of this literature review is distributed by purchasing strategy and by supply chain strategy prospective. This part of the literature is founded on the Internet and from the articles in the Burch International University library. Through searching for the adequate informations, definitions, articles, journals etc; research was being executed with the keywords such as purchasing strategy or supply chain strategy or management or just Zara supply chain management. There are different datas, articles and web sites that were funded by the Internet about the Zara, and all offers different ideas of the research direction. In order to collect lot of useful and accurate material of Zara, I obtain from friend who works as a seller manager in Azel store. A Zara supply chain strategy was the key term of my research and was an important part of my theoretical focus on supply chain strategy. The aim of this research is to give a clear picture of the theoretical research and to be able to manage analysis of the Zara case study showing how company purchase and which supply chain strategy perspective is the most convenient for such a company. The purpose of use of review in this research is based on the explaining and verifying the role and impact of purchasing and supply chain strategy of the Zara industry and how its making successful. The effects of supply are particularly fundamental in fashion industries of marketing research. Although through this review also it will be described different aspects of supply chain points in the fast fashion industry. INTRODUCTION This review however will be based on the two sections; describing and analyzing the structure of the Zaras stores and on understanding the influence of purchasing of supply chain strategies. The manufacturing ZARA clothing company has an excellent development of supply chain, practical and innovative distribution channel processes. Brief description of supply chain management In usual supply chain management (SCM) is studied issue in marketing practices and theories as well. Supply chain management is a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time, in order to minimize system wide costs while satisfying service level requirements. The supply chain management is the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. It represents a conscious effort by the supply chain firms to develop and run supply chains in the most effective efficient ways possible. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production, and logistics, as well as the information systems needed to coordinate these activities. The organizations that make up the supply chain are linked together through physical flo ws and information flows. Physical flows involve the transformation, movement, and storage of goods and materials. They are the most visible piece of the supply chain. But just as important are information flows. Information flows allow the various supply chain partners to coordinate their long-term plans, and to control the day-to-day flow of goods and material up and down the supply chain. Zara Zara is one of the perfect examples of fast fashion industry. There are six moths time of waiting for training production supplier, while for the fast fashion industry it takes only four to eight weeks that have much faster speed of supply chain productions. However, Zara control to drop new lines into its stores floor twice in a week. The major success of ZARA Company is its dynamic supply chain with its specified outcome of focusing on a shortest response time. Using the supply chain management ZARA products generate its instant fashions being cheap, stylish and trendy by using a high wage form and it doesnt necessarily means poor quality. Therefore this means that the fast fashion industry involve requirements such as: low raw material costs, high productivity, low labor costs, good quality and mostly recognizing what the consumers wants of fashion products; which means it meets the customer satisfaction. Zara has developed a supply chain which is efficient of getting a trend from the catwalk from their stores in period of one month, while for four to twelve months from its company competitors. According to this the strategy of reducing the quantity manufactured creates scarcity. Thus, this is productive for Zara because of two reasons; first the less availability leads to highest desirability and from the secon d reason, with fewer amounts being produced in any time means that there is less to be added at the end of season sales. An overall discount of Zara is about 18% of its total operation range, where half of the level its competitors. In order to get their supply chain integration Zara operates with decent level of sharing data and integration between retailers, manufacturer and third party researchers as essentials. In addition Zara is able to accept cost source of the customer quickly, have close enough manufacturing so that fast trendy replacement can be competed, higher tools of technology which means faster market sampling test provide the opportunities to gather and analyze market response from new products for the suppliers and of course include the online retailing to provide quicker customer feedbacks on both products satisfaction and customer behavior preferences which needs to ensure that Zara sales operations are running successfully. All these characteristics means that the informations sharing can help so that supply chain move faster. In the case of Zara the time is one of the primary drivers to reach the competitive advantage, where an agile of supply chain management is created. Zara is being focused on the flexibility and market sensitive, until to comparisons of the ordinal method of being forecast driven. Presence of the ZARA in the fashion world has pressurized competitors of entering their supply chains to keep the track with Zara; therefore it does recognize the importance for the quick response. With quick response system Zara is able to respond its customers wants better than its competitors. ZARA industry is focused on the ultimate consumer with allocating a huge emphasis on implementation of backward vertical integration to perform the strategy into a fashion follower, before than to accomplish production efficiencies. Zaras accepts a quick response strategy communication that is effective expected to its management and collective culture. The continuous processes of information between managers provide the company to keep its customers satisfied, which in turn results in raising the sales. Furthermore, Zaras centralized issuing offer the chain a competitive progress by decreasing the lead-time of their goods. Reducing the time to increase the delivery speed transportation is scheduled by time zones and its loaded by way of air and place of land. The advantages of ZARA delivery time outside the Europe is around one or to two day approximately. Based on Zaras strategy centered on fewer advertising cost is one another advantages over its competitors. Investments advertising cuts minimize a total expense that makes the international expansion more profitable. According to this company relies mostly on its stores to project their image, so it is clear why Zara is familiar for its essential real estate locations. Nowadays people all around the world have far higher access in world fashion because as the result of the e-commerce and internet. Company of Zara recognize this and use it to their advantages by offering the latest clothing trends to their customers. However, Zara has a successfully developed business model which distinguishes itself from its competitors, (H,M, Benetton etc.) but it also has disadvantages that can have influence on its sustainable growth. Therefore there are some weaknesses that strategy of Zara creates. Furthermore, vertical integration is considered by many authors as a strategy which potentially raises profits and decrease risks, where the defects are still equally considerable to recognize. Thus, vertical integration often brings to the inefficiency to acquire economies of scale. Reflexive introduction and focus on speed of new products incurs increase costs as well. Hence they have greater research and development costs. Also they have increased costs due to th e constant transformation of production techniques to make out their different clothing lines. In general todays highly competitive fashion and apparel market place where quick changing of fashion trends forces the fashion industries to make responsiveness to the market need as much as possible. Supply chain strategy is a primary performance driver for these companies to attain the competitive advantage in the marketplace. Purchasing and supply chain management operates with the nuts and bolts in Zara industry. Implementing purchasing and supply strategies can help in saving the costs and in optimizing the ways in which companies integrate suppliers, manufacturing and transportation. In addition to this they used to increase response time in market over lead time reductions, provide availability and flexibility of supply in response to customer desires, and connect supply chain strategy with e- commerce in order to accomplish efficiency and profitability. The importance of improving the efficient customer and quick response is vertical information integration and adjustments over the supply chain with information and communication technology. Within the fact that it can control the entire supply chain closely to the better end, which gives opportunity to the company to be in position to produce the most trendy fashion styles roughly in real time to respond in the fast changing customers tastes. More accurate market information and update data are always needed to avoid unsold inventory and markdown cost as fashion and custom products are with volatile demand and highly unpredictable. An effective way of aligning right supply chain strategy is to match product unc ertainty. Postponement strategy can considerably reduce inaccurate forecast risk and do a responsive supply chain strategy. Zara has accomplished the benefits of agile and flexible supply chains for its innovative fashion items. Although, Zara overcome its competitors todays in terms of profit margins, without any stock out rates keeping the industry leader in the market. As a result the purchasing and supply chain strategy has a major role in this type of the company. The success of Zara is that it has attach the problem of the highly consumable fashion items in controlling and streamlining their supply chains so that they is capable to greatly decrease their lead time and thus to respond faster enough on the very fast changes in the fashion customer needs and wants in real time minimizing the fashion risks. Zaras excellent responsiveness to new fashion trends definitely needs to their optimal supply chain strategy.

Oil & Gas Drilling In Alaska Wildlife Refuge

Since the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) was established by the federal government in 1960, the refuge has often been considered a symbol of Alaska's natural bounty. Located in the northeast corner of the state above the Arctic Circle, ANWR contains more than 19 million acres of pristine land, including high mountains, untouched coastline and tundra (cold, dry regions that are covered by snow for most of the year). It is also home to thousands of animal species including polar bears, migratory birds and caribou.ANWR is also believed to contain one of the largest reserves of oil in the U.S., and for years, public officials have been divided over whether private companies should be allowed to tap into that resource. (Easton, 2004) Since ANWR was set aside as a nature preserve, it has been off-limits to oil prospecting.Yet during the past decade, support for drilling the refuge has gradually mounted. Although efforts to open ANWR long went unheeded, in recent years they have gai ned favor among many public officials, bringing the future of the refuge into question.Citing problems such as rising fuel costs and the U.S.'s increasing dependence on foreign sources of fuel, many observers, including President Bush (R), argue that the refuge's oil supplies must be made available to avert future fuel shortages.â€Å"The only way to become less dependent on foreign sources of crude oil is to explore at home,† Bush says. â€Å"And you bet I want to open up a small part of Alaska, because when that field [ANWR] is online, it will produce one million barrels a day.†(Cunningham, 2005)According to supporters, opening ANWR to development would mark an important step toward expanding the U.S.'s fuel reserves and energy supply. In recent years, citizens and businesses have become increasingly reliant on the Internet and other electronic devices, which require large amounts of power.Furthermore, gasoline consumption has remained high to due unchecked automobil e use and the growing popularity of vans, sport utility vehicles and other inefficient car models. Consequently, the nation's demand for energy has far out-paced domestic fuel production, resulting in rising fuel prices and energy shortages.Fossil fuel consumption is expected to increase in the coming decades. Unless the federal government opens ANWR for oil exploration and drilling, supporters argue, fuel shortages will worsen, hampering economic growth and endangering national security.Advocates also contend that private companies can tap into ANWR's oil with minimal damage to the landscape and wildlife. Technological advances, some analysts argue, have enabled oil companies to drill for oil without causing significant environmental damage. (Cunningham, 2005)Therefore, supporters contend, the U.S. should not squander the economic benefits that could be reaped by opening ANWR to oil drilling. Furthermore, they assert, keeping ANWR off-limits to natural resource extraction is a diss ervice to Alaskan citizens, who would benefit greatly from the economic growth that oil exploration would bring to their state. (Easton, 2004)Yet opponents, including many environmental activists, vehemently oppose oil drilling in ANWR. Regardless of how much oil is contained in the refuge, they argue, its unique ecosystems should not be put at risk. Many commentators argue that opening the refuge to oil drilling is a destructive and short-sighted solution to the U.S.'s energy needs.Oil drilling cannot be conducted in an environmentally safe manner, they argue. Rather than squandering natural treasures such as ANWR, opponents say, government officials should instead focus their attention on developing alternative fuel sources and decreasing fossil fuel consumption.Some observers also assert that oil drilling in ANWR would pose a threat to the livelihood of indigenous people that live in or near the refuge. Tribes such as the Gwich'in, which have inhabited the area for thousands of y ears, have long hunted caribou for subsistence and ceremonial purposes. (Lee, 2001)Opening ANWR to oil drilling, opponents argue, would cause environmental damage that would shrink caribou herds, putting the culture and livelihood of many people at risk. Does the U.S. truly need to open ANWR to oil drilling? How would oil drilling affect the people, animals and plants that inhabit ANWR and its environs?Oil vs. NatureThroughout history, Alaska has been known not only for its natural beauty but also for its natural resources. President Dwight Eisenhower (D), in office 1953-61, established ANWR in 1960, shortly after Alaska gained statehood. While setting aside some land for conservation purposes, Eisenhower also opened 20 million acres of the Arctic coastline to oil prospecting and drilling. In 1968, oil was discovered in the Prudhoe Bay oil field, an area to the east of ANWR.The development of Prudhoe Bay generated thousands of new jobs in Alaska and greatly broadened the state's tax revenue base. (Easton, 2004) The opening of the oil field also led to the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, an 800-mile oil pipeline that runs from Prudhoe Bay to the port of Valdez, a city in southeastern Alaska. The pipeline continues to serve as an important source of oil for the U.S.As Alaskan oil exploration and drilling increased in earnest during the late 1970s, leaders such as President Jimmy Carter (D), in office 1977-81, made efforts to preserve wilderness areas by setting aside land for conservation. In 1978, he created numerous national monuments, making more than 50 million acres of Alaskan wilderness off-limits to development.In 1980, Carter also ratified the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), a bill that established a system of national parks and nature preserves that covers more than 104 million acres. That law also expanded ANWR to 19 million acres and designated the refuge as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, a na tionwide network of parks and conservation areas managed by the federal government. (Lovins, 2001)Although ANILCA set aside most of ANWR as a wilderness area, it deferred a decision on the future of a 1.5-million-acre area of the refuge's coastal plain. The area is commonly referred to as the 1002 Area, a name derived from section 1002 of ANILCA, which recognized it as both an enormous source of oil and a valuable wildlife habitat. (Cunningham, 2005)During the early 1980s, the U.S. Interior Department, the federal department responsible for managing public lands owned by the federal government, conducted studies on the potential oil reserves of the 1002 Area. In 1986, information gleaned from those studies was submitted to Congress.In 1987, after concluding that the area contained a substantial amount of oil, the Interior Department recommended that the area be opened to drilling. Some public officials, including many Republicans, used those recommendations to rally support for open ing the area to oil exploration. Supporters argued that oil drilling in the area was essential to broadening the nation's domestic fuel base and fueling economic expansion. (Lee, 2001)In 1989, members of the Senate Energy Committee began to debate opening ANWR to drilling. During the same year, an Exxon Corp. oil tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground in Alaska's Prince Edward Sound, spilling tons of oil and causing severe environmental damage to the area.The incident drew vehement protest over the environmental practices of the oil industry, and public support for oil exploration went into decline. As a result, advocates failed to muster support for legislation that would have lifted the prohibition of oil drilling in the refuge.Yet during the mid-to-late 1990s, after Republicans gained a majority in the House of Representatives, public officials began to reconsider the fate of ANWR. In 1995, for example, both chambers of Congress passed a budget bill that would have opened ANWR to oil exploration.However, President Clinton (D), in office from 1993 to 2001, vetoed that bill, and in subsequent years, his administration continued to oppose similar legislation. Before leaving office, Clinton administration officials also considered designating ANWR a national monument, but that action was never taken. (Easton, 2004)During the 2000 presidential race, the fate of ANWR became a central issue in the campaigns of both major candidates. While Vice President Al Gore (D) vowed to block efforts to open ANWR to oil exploration, Bush announced his fervent support for such measures. Whereas Gore argued that the refuge should be preserved, Bush declared a commitment to increasing oil exploration and drilling in order to expand the nation's fuel supply.Although Bush has yet to introduce or sign legislation that would lift the ban on drilling in ANWR, he has continued to voice support for such measures. (Cunningham, 2005) In addition, shortly after taking office he appointed Ga le Norton, a strong advocate of ANWR oil exploration, as secretary of the Interior Department. Meanwhile, many Democrats have vowed to vigorously oppose any attempts to open ANWR to drilling, and the future of the refuge remains a divisive issue.

The Little-Known Secrets to Argumentative Essay Examples

The Little-Known Secrets to Argumentative Essay Examples Whatever They Told You About Argumentative Essay Examples Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Bear in mind you may make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. Many brilliant individuals who achieved success in life proved actually academic drop-outs. You should make people change their mind, and that's a very challenging task! Some folks may believe that the fantastic content could possibly be written on any topic and the paper success is dependent just on the mastery of the writer. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential point to do is to select a topic and an argument you can really get behind. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to pick a topic that has more than one clear side. It's not sufficient to pick a topic which everybody agrees on. When you are requested to opt for a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. You will be assigned a topic, or your professor will allow you to select your own. To do so, you need to get a guide to compose the very best essay on the selected topic. Should you need professional help with argumentative essay topics, don't hesitate to speak to us. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. Argumentative Essay Examples Fundamentals Explained Arguments always happen in a specific context. When you are finished with your essay, you must not merely check it for spelling and grammatical errors, but nevertheless, it also has to be checked for logical fallacies. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is essential for your general success. There are 3 basic sorts of essays,, and When given a choice, individuals usually do not pick the argumentative essay. There are many kinds of essays, and every one of them is challenging in a different way . It's possible for you to pick topics from assorted lists of ready themes. In the next list you are able to find 25 good essay topics to utilize in an essay. Most Noticeable Argumentative Essay Examples If you decide to be a self-employed essay writer, you can expect the exact same. The matter here is that it takes so many parts of paper to write just a single textbook. The choice is dependent upon the writer. If so, Harvard format is the thing to do. Life After Argumentative Essay Examples If you get a valid issue and you may offer sufficient arguments on it, then go with this. You'll wind up lost without having the ability to make an argument and develop it correctly. Finding the most suitable arguments can help you prove your point and win. You're able to restate your argument, which is quite a common practice amongst essayists. If as you are preparing a report you merely analyze specific literature, the essay demands a great penetration into the issue. Besides g eneral knowledge you have concerning this issue, you won't mind dedicating some opportunity to research, writing procedure, and other facets essential for the high-quality essay. Since the argumentative essay that you will be writing is probably for your end of the expression file, you should attempt to minimize the mistakes in your facts. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on unique views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. When writing an important composition, it's recommended to pick contradictive topics. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points that you could counter to your own points. There are many steps which you should take to be able to write an exceptional essay. With our company, your assignment will acquire high marks not based on the argumentative essay topics you pick. Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources. It is crucial to select a great topic as a way to compose a fantastic paper. Argumentative essays are a few of the best that you can write as a student. SATs ought to be eliminated. College is for a high amount of study.

The Effect Of Assan Motor Company Under The Leadership Of...

International organizational behavior is very important in every organization for one primary reason. Many businesses operate under the influence of organizational behavior. For this discussion, we will analyze different aspects of Assan Motor Company under the leadership of Mr. Hunt Stevenson. Therefore, the paper will cover all topics starting with question one to question nine defining what is contained in the video and supplemental readings provided. 1. In order to develop a new business in Japan, Mr. Stevenson needs to take more people from the US for him to collect more ideas. The main reason for this is because his work requires different ideas from different people for it to prosper. For any business to start, one should correct ideas from different corners of the world and especially when operating in foreign countries. Additionally, he should also increase the number of US workers from Japan for him to manage the control of the 15,000 cars to be made in the company per month. Even though the wages for the workers would be low, the supply of cars would increase with time depending on the type of business they would operate. The more customers the more workers are needed to control and assist them in the process of purchasing cars from the new business. According to part five of the video, it is true to say that Mr. Stevenson needs more workers from US. In order to make a successful business, he should plan three visits in a week to the business for him to controlShow MoreRelatedGung Ho Movie Analysis9681 Words   |  39 Pages............................................................................................................ 14   4. Leadership and corporate culture ....................................................................................... 15   A. Organizational culture ................................................................................................... 15   B. Leadership ...................................................................................................................

How the 13 Decisions Play an Important Role in Decision...

Business success is determined upon proper implementation and completion of business goals and/or strategies, which are linked to several organizational components to include strategic staffing decisions. From a professional standpoint, all 13 staffing decisions are important; the degree of implementation or consideration of each decision will vary according to the objective or strategy that is being targeted. For example, when developing and implement a successful training and development plan (TRP) to retain a competent workforce, all 13 decisions will play an important role in the decision making. One: Acquire or Develop Talent. Employees’ level of KSAOs determine the extensiveness of the TRP. If the company acquires talent, the†¦show more content†¦Six. National or Global. The TRP for each option will vary in how the training is delivered and administered or whether or not the company chooses to outsource this function. Seven. Attract or Relocate. A company’s TRP is certainly considered by new hires and can be used as a tool to attract the best candidates. Eight. Overstaff or Understaff. Such labor measures can play a role in the creating budgets for the TRP. The more staff in need of training, the higher the budget needed. Nine. Short- or Long-Term Focus. This goes along with planning for short and long term training and developmental needs which must be incorporated into the TRP. Ten. Person/Job or Person/Organization Match. This option determines the type of training incorporated into the TRP. In order for TR to be effective, it must be meet the needs of the employee and be accepted/understood by the employee as well. Eleven. Specific or General KSAOs. This decision also determines the extensiveness and format of the training, the purpose, and the benefits that are expected from it well. Twelve. Exceptional or Acceptable Workforce Quality. This option will be determined per the organization’s objectives and strategies. An exceptional workforce will certainly required additional TR. Thirteen. Active or Passive Diversity. An active workforce must be open to diversity and thus this component is also incorporated into theShow MoreRelatedA Leader s Decision On The World Of The United States And Ceos Of Billion Dollar Companies Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesinevitable fact that exceptional leaders are good decision-makers. Good leaders understand how to utilize their VABES (values, assumptions, beliefs and expectations) to reason and make decisions that positively affect themselves, employees, customers and stakeholders, and organizations. VABES dictate how leaders attach worth, importance, and meaning to decisions. A leader’s decision is an outer expression of their personal VABES. Barak Obama makes the key decision daily to decide the faith of the United StatesRead MoreFactors That Affect The Holiday Choice Has Evolved Over The Ages Of Ages1090 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily holidays. 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Asylum Seekers Free Essays

Imagine you live in a country with an oppressive government and even worse your enthnic group is being persecuted by that government, would you not want to leave even if it means selling all your possessions? This is a scenario faced by thousands of people every year who are classed as asylum seekers. Brindha, the 9 year old Tamil asylum seeker who on a crowded boat off the Indonesian coast, made a heartbreaking plea to Australian journalists to please save them, the prime minister delivered a cold reply: â€Å"I make absolutely no apology whatsoever for taking a hard line on illegal immigration to Australia. The 253 asylum seekers – not illegal immigrants – on that boat had sacrificed everything they had to make a desperate bid for safety from the systematic slaughter being wrought on them by the Sri Lankan government. We will write a custom essay sample on Asylum Seekers or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are fleeing a situation where the Sri Lankan government is killing 1400 a week of the 300,000 detained in concentration camps. This is a horror that drives people to flee with nothing other than the clothes on their back, is what politicians and media have taken to calling a â€Å"push factor. There is absolutely nothing illegal about seeking asylum, about arriving without authorisation or papers, or about coming by unregistered boats as long as there is a legitimate reason states the United Nations. However the Australian Government still labels them illegal immigrants and places them in Detention Centres which in most cases results in the emotional and psychological damage to a refugee. In 2002, the Medical Journal of Australia described the extreme psychological and emotional damage done to people detained in immigration detention in Australia. The pattern they describe includes â€Å"the development of a psychological state characterised by severe depression, despair, hopelessness, paranoia, chronic rage, persecutory delusions, sub-syndromal psychosis, characterological change and persistent self harming behaviour†. In their sample, â€Å"all but one of the detained asylum seekers displayed symptoms of psychological distress at some time during their period of detention†. Eighty-five per cent had â€Å"chronic depressive symptoms† and sixty-five per cent had â€Å"pronounced ongoing suicidal ideation†. Refugees should not have to stay in conditions conducive to mental disorders and suicidal tendencies. If the Australian government wishes to fix the problem they should fix detention centres, make the facilities more humane and turn off the electric fence,( The electric fences around such centres are more harmful than that of Auschwitz concentration camp). The government should also provide faster processing of refugees so these people are not subjected to what is incarceration with committing a crime. In 2002 protesters tore down the fences of Woomera Detention Centre, assisting people inside to make a courageous and inspiring breakout. They would not hesitate to do it again. Asylum seeking is an issue that cuts right to the heart of everything that’s rotten and inhumane about capitalism – its racism, its hypocrisy, its brutality and its utter contempt for humanity. We should all stand firmly for the rights of asylum seekers. How to cite Asylum Seekers, Essay examples

Steroids free essay sample

A. Attention Getter #1: An anecdote on Taylor Hooton a high school baseball player. One of his coaches said that he needed to bulk up to be a starting pitcher at the varsity level. He started using steroids and gained 30 pounds of muscle. His family took a vacation to England. Before returning Taylor stole a laptop and a video projector from other hotel guests. His parents grounded him for 2 weeks. He then hung himself. B. Attention-Getter #2: A quote from Stephen Catanese regarding the legalization of steroids and just heavily tax them. C. Context #1 defining the topic: The definition of â€Å"steroids,† â€Å"androgenic,† and â€Å"anabolic steroids,† plus a brief discussion (3-4 sentences) of steroid use in the United States. D. Context #2 describing the controversy: Recent penalties on steroid use in the United States and fans objections for and against steroid penalties. Thesis: While many individuals are convinced that steroids are harmless, the facts indicate that the sports associations should give penalties for steroid usage. II. Supporting Reason #1: Effects of steroid use A. Male side effects are development of breasts, baldness, loss of function of testicles, reduced sperm count, shrinkage of testicles, painful erections, and enlarged prostate. B. Female side effects include growth of facial and body hair, deepened voice, breast reduction, enlarged clitoris, and menstrual irregularities. C. Side effects that are common to both male and female consist of increase in aggressive behavior, mood swings, increase in feelings of hostility, decrease in good cholesterol levels, increase in bad cholesterol levels, nausea, jaundice, headaches, severe acne, heart damage, stunted growth, high blood pressure, liver damage, urinary and bowel problems, aching joints, strokes, blood clots, tendon injury, and swelling of the feet. III. Supporting Reason #2: Penalties in the different sports leagues A. MLB- tests at least twice per year, 600 players get tested three times a year. Players are tested for steroids, related hormones, stimulants, masking agents, and diuretics. First positive test results in a 50 game unpaid suspension, second positive results in a 100 game unpaid suspension and third positive test results in a life-time ban. B. NFL- 12,00 tests are conducted during the season including 10 random players from each team every week of the season. Players can also be randomly selected for testing up to 6 times during the off-season. Every player is tested at least once per year. NFL tests for steroids, related hormones, anti-estrogen agents, stimulants, masking agents, B2-adrenergic agonists, diuretics and oxygen-transfer enhancers like EPO. First offense results in a 4-game unpaid suspension, second offense results in an 8 game unpaid suspension, third offense results in a 12 month unpaid suspension. C. NBA/WNBA- Tests every player at random between 0-4 times per year. Every player is eligible, though not all will be tested in a given season. The NBA and WNBA test for steroids, related hormones, stimulants, masking agents, diuretics, cocaine, opiates, PCP, LSD, and marijuana. First offense results in a 10 game unpaid suspension, second offense results in a 25 game unpaid suspension, third offense results in an unpaid suspension for a season, fourth offense results in a minimum 2 year unpaid suspension. D. NHL- Tests every player at random between 0-3 times per year. Most conducted during the off-days. Only occur during the season, not during the playoffs or offseason. All players are eligible. The NHL tests for steroids, related hormones, B2-adrenergic agonists, anti-estrogen agents, diuretics , EPO, and gene doping. First offense results in a 20 game unpaid suspension, second offense results in a 60 game unpaid suspension, third results in a life-time ban. IV. Supporting Reason #3: Child use of steroids A. Dr. Charles Yesalis estimates that â€Å"at least half a million and probably closer to three fourths million children in this country have used steroids in their lifetime. † Adds Yesalis, â€Å"The teens I’ve talked to say [steroids and HGH] are as easy to get as marijuana. † The Mayo Clinic reports that one tenth of the U. S. steroid users are teens which would put that figure at 300,000. John Romano says, â€Å"Because steroids and HGH have been pushed underground, kids are buying them off the internet. The stuff they are getting is the imported junk from Mexico, the rejected vet crap. B. three percent of high school seniors had tried steroids. 39. 7 percent of twelfth graders reported steroids were easy to obtain. four percent of twelfth graders had tried steroids. All the adult effects of steroid use are magnified in teens. V. Counter-argument #1: The benefits of using steroids A. Men who used steroids and exercised for 10 weeks put on 13 pounds of muscle and could bench an extra 48 pounds. B. Steroids can cause an increase in muscle mass, tissue repair, endurance and fat loss. Someone who is using steroids will find that they experience greatly exaggerated benefits from their workouts. VI. Counter-argument #2: Penalties not stopping steroid use A. Many athletes get tested frequently and they still still use steroids just look at Tyson Gay, Jamaican track team, Ryan Braun, Alex Rodriguez, and Lance Armstrong. B. Ryan Braun’s chances of reaching the Hall of Fame pretty much went out the window when he was suspended for violating MLB’s drug policy. Braun won Most Valuable Player award in 2011 and took it away from Matt Kemp by using steroids. VII. Rebuttal A. The possession of anabolic steroids is punishable by one year in prison and a minimum fine of $1000. Selling is punishable by up to five years in prison and a $250,000 fine. These punishments may be more severe if the violator is not a first-time offender. B. Legalizing steroids would make life easier for the professional sports organizations. A huge part of watching sports is witnessing the very peak of human athletic ability. Steroids would help pitchers to throw harder, homeruns to go further, cyclists to charge for longer and sprinters to test the limits of human speed. Also save the bureaucratic trouble and possible embarrassment that accompanies disputed tests like Ryan Braun’s last December. VIII. Conclusion: An anecdote on Rob Garibaldi, was 5 foot 9 inches and 130 pounds and was a high school baseball player. He had coaches calling to offer scholarships to him but they said Rob was lacking one tool: size, experts told him he needed to get up to 185 pounds by his senior year. By his graduation from high school he grew to 5 foot 11 inches and 165 pounds. That summer he tried his first cycle of steroids. Rob had hallucinations and became paranoid. When he was twenty-four he was sitting in his car and shot and killed himself.